إحاطة توجيهية في غيانا

كانت غيانا في الأصل مستعمرة هولندية في القرن السابع عشر، وبحلول عام 1815 أصبحت ممتلكة بريطانية. أدّى إلغاء الرق إلى استقرار الأرقاء السابقين في المناطق الحضرية، واستُقدم عمال متعاقدون من الهند للعمل في مزارع السكر. وقد استمر الانقسام الإثني والثقافي الناتج عن ذلك، وأدى إلى سياسة مضطربة. نالت غيانا استقلالها عن المملكة المتحدة عام 1966، ومنذ ذلك الحين حكمت البلاد حكومات ذات توجه اشتراكي في الغالب.

في عام 1992 انتُخب شيدي جاغان رئيسًا في ما يُعدّ أول انتخابات حرة ونزيهة في البلاد منذ الاستقلال. وبعد وفاته بعد خمس سنوات، أصبحت زوجته جانيت جاغان رئيسةً، لكنها استقالت عام 1999 لأسباب صحية. وانتُخب خليفتها بهارات جاغديو عام 2001، ثم أُعيد انتخابه عام 2006. فاز دونالد راموتار عام 2011، لكن الانتخابات المبكرة التي أُجريت عام 2015 أسفرت عن أول تغيير في الحزب الحاكم، فتولى ديفيد غرانغر الحكم. وبعد تصويت بحجب الثقة عن حكومة غرانغر عام 2018، تجاهلت الإدارة شرطًا دستوريًا يقضي بإجراء انتخابات، وبقيت في السلطة حتى انتخابات عام 2020، حين أصبح عرفان علي رئيسًا.

لقد كان اكتشاف احتياطيات نفطية بحرية ضخمة عام 2015 محورَ التركيز الاقتصادي والسياسي الرئيسي لغيانا، إذ يأمل كثيرون أن تحوّل هذه الاحتياطيات إحدى أفقر دول المنطقة. وغيانا هي الدولة الوحيدة الناطقة بالإنجليزية في أمريكا الجنوبية، وتربطها روابط ثقافية وتاريخية بدول الكاريبي الناطقة بالإنجليزية.

There are occasional protests and political demonstrations throughout Guyana. Stay away from demonstrations as unrest can occur without notice.  

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

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Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.      

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Guyana

Although there’s no recent history of terrorism in Guyana, attacks cannot be ruled out.

Political situation

There are occasional protests and political demonstrations throughout Guyana. Stay away from demonstrations as unrest can occur without notice.  

Border areas

Venezuela disputes the legitimacy of its border with Guyana. Political tensions remain and the security situation along the border remains tense. There has also been an increase in organised criminality in these border areas.

There continues to be a dispute between Suriname and Guyana over the land in the New River Triangle area in the south-east of Guyana. 

Organised crime in these border areas is common and increasing.

Check with local authorities if travelling near the border areas, both of which are in remote areas.

Crime

Crime levels are significant, and police capacity is low. Petty crime, including pickpocketing and bag snatching, is common, and violent crime continues to be a risk.

Violent attacks and personal safety

Attacks and muggings have occurred in broad daylight but are more common at night, and have included the use of knives or firearms. They may target tourists, particularly those that show obvious signs of wealth.  

Foreign and Guyanese nationals have reportedly been targeted in: 

• Stabroek Market in Georgetown
• Tiger Bay and Albouystown in Georgetown
• Sophia, south Georgetown
• Buxton
• Agricola

Foreign visitors have been assaulted in Georgetown’s Botanical Gardens. If possible, visit with an organised group and avoid taking valuables. 

There have been incidents of gangs following cars from Cheddi Jagan International Airport and then attacking their victims when they reach their destination. Always drive with windows closed and doors locked. 

Take care when exchanging money or buying goods on the street. Go inside the money exchange or shop, or use ATMs inside banks or shopping centres. Consider arranging to be collected by a car or taxi booked by your hotel or with a licensed operator.

Protecting your belongings

Thieves will take items from hotel rooms, parked vehicles or luggage if it is unattended. Keep your passports, money, tickets, mobile phones and other valuables as secure as you can, and use hotel safes or safe deposit boxes if possible.

Scams

Scammers often offer travellers in South America free air tickets to Guyana. On arrival their ‘sponsors’ will only allow them to leave Guyana if they carry a ‘package’ (usually cocaine). The authorities at the airport will stop and search foreigners that fit this known profile.

Laws and cultural differences

Illegal drugs and prison sentences

You can get lengthy prison sentences and heavy fines for possession or the trafficking of drugs. The minimum jail sentence for drug offences is 3 years, and prison conditions in Guyana are tough. Pack all luggage yourself and do not carry any items that do not belong to you.

LGBT+ travellers

Same-sex sexual activity is illegal. In practice, these laws are rarely enforced, and there is growing local support for LGBT+ rights. You could receive negative attention for showing affection in public.   

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Hotel safety

Fires have occurred in Guyanese hotels, and some hotels have poor fire safety procedures. Check evacuation procedures and exit routes when you arrive, and speak to hotel management if you have any concerns.

Transport risks

Road travel

If you are planning to drive in Guyana, see information on driving abroad.

You can use a UK photocard driving licence to drive in Guyana. If you still have a paper driving licence, you may need to update it to a photocard licence or get the correct version of the international driving permit (IDP). After 60 days you’ll need to buy a 4-week foreign driving permit.    

If you’re planning to hire a car, check with your car hire company for information on their requirements before you travel.

Driving standards and road conditions

Driving in Guyana can be dangerous because of reckless drivers, frequent hazards, poor street lighting, and poor road conditions. Drive with caution and take extreme care if you choose to drive at night. Keep a safe distance from minibuses – minibus drivers are responsible for many of the road accidents in Guyana.

If possible, avoid travel to and from Cheddi Jagan International Airport late at night and before dawn. There have been fatal accidents caused by erratic driving.

Taxis and minibuses

Although private taxis can be targeted by robbers, they are the safest way for visitors to get around Georgetown. Use taxis from reputable companies and book them in advance or from official hotel taxi ranks. 

Do not hail taxis from the roadside, and avoid using “public” minibuses unless pre-booked from reputable sources.

River and sea travel

There have been armed attacks against fishing boats in and around the waters of Guyana and Suriname, and those between Guyana and Venezuela. If you’re travelling by sea, read about the regional risks at sea.

If you are travelling on Guyana’s rivers, use registered boat services equipped with life jackets. Do not travel by boat after dark.

Only use scheduled ferry services when crossing the Corentyne River between Guyana and Suriname. Using water taxis (‘backtracking’) from Suriname to Guyana is illegal and can lead to arrest, imprisonment and then deportation.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards.

Flooding

Guyana is vulnerable to flooding. The main rainy seasons are generally May to June and December to January. The coast of Guyana is below sea level and protected by a sea defence and dam system. However, the anti-flooding infrastructure and drainage systems are poorly maintained

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Call 913 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance company quickly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Guyana
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

Go to TravelHealthPro to see what health risks you’ll face in Guyana, including:

• yellow fever
• dengue
• zika virus
• oropouche Virus
• malaria in the interior of the country

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Guyana. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro.

In 2024, UNAIDS estimated that around 11,000 people in Guyana were living with HIV. Take normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS.

Medication

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

Healthcare in Guyana

Medical facilities are very limited, even in Georgetown. There are extremely limited health facilities in remote areas. Standards of medical practice are low and you should arrange an evacuation for any serious or invasive treatment if possible. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad and repatriation.

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Guyana where some staff will speak English.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.