إحاطة توجيهية في موريشيوس

على الرغم من أن البحارة العرب والأوروبيين كانوا يعرفون جزيرة موريشيوس منذ أوائل القرن السادس عشر على الأقل، فإنها ظلت غير مأهولة حتى عام 1638، حين أنشأ الهولنديون فيها مستوطنة سُميت تكريمًا للأمير موريتس فان ناسّو. وأدى وجودهم إلى الاختفاء السريع لطائر الدودو الذي لا يطير، والذي أصبح منذ ذلك الحين من أشهر الأمثلة على الانقراض في العصر الحديث. تخلى الهولنديون عن مستوطنتهم المثقلة بالديون عام 1710، إلا أن عددًا من الأشخاص الذين كانوا مستعبدين سابقًا ظلوا فيها. وفي عام 1722، أنشأ الفرنسيون ما أصبح لاحقًا مستوطنة مربحة للغاية تركزت على مزارع قصب السكر، وكانت تعتمد على عمل المستعبدين الذين جُلبوا إلى موريشيوس من مناطق أخرى في أفريقيا. وفي تسعينيات القرن الثامن عشر، شهدت الجزيرة فترة قصيرة من الحكم الذاتي، حين رفض مالكو المزارع السيطرة الفرنسية بسبب القوانين التي أنهت الرق والتي كانت سارية مؤقتًا خلال الثورة الفرنسية. واستولت بريطانيا على الجزيرة عام 1810 ضمن الحروب النابليونية، لكنها أبقت على معظم البنية الإدارية الفرنسية، وما زالت هذه البنية قائمة حتى اليوم في صورة القوانين القانونية للبلاد والاستخدام الواسع للغة الكريول الفرنسية. وأدى إلغاء الرق عام 1835، وهو لاحق بالنسبة إلى معظم المستعمرات البريطانية الأخرى، إلى زيادة الاعتماد على العمال المتعاقدين من شبه القارة الهندية للعمل في المزارع. ويشكل أحفادهم اليوم أغلبية السكان. وظلت موريشيوس قاعدة بحرية بريطانية ذات أهمية استراتيجية، ثم مطارًا عسكريًا لاحقًا، وأدت دورًا خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية في عمليات مكافحة الغواصات وقوافل الإمداد، وكذلك في جمع الاستخبارات الإشارية.

نالت موريشيوس استقلالها عن المملكة المتحدة عام 1968 بوصفها جمهورية برلمانية، وظلت ديمقراطية مستقرة تُجرى فيها انتخابات حرة منتظمة، ولها سجل إيجابي في مجال حقوق الإنسان. كما اجتذبت البلاد استثمارات أجنبية كبيرة، وتتمتع اليوم بواحد من أعلى نصيب للفرد من الدخل في أفريقيا. وقد هيمنت على السياسة الائتلافية المضطربة في موريشيوس غالبًا أسرتان بارزتان، أنجبت كل منهما أبًا وابنًا تولّيا رئاسة الوزراء في فترات متعددة، وغالبًا غير متصلة. فكان سيوساغور رامغولام (1968-1976) أول رئيس وزراء لموريشيوس، وخلفه أنيرود جوغنوث (1982-1995، و2000-2003، و2014-2017)، ثم ابنه نافين رامغولام (1995-2000، و2005-2014)، وبول رايموند بيرينجيه (2003-2005)، وهو رئيس الوزراء الوحيد غير الهندوسي في موريشيوس بعد الاستقلال. وفي عام 2017، أصبح برافيند جوغنوث رئيسًا للوزراء بعد أن تنحى والده قبل إكمال ولايته، ثم انتُخب في عام 2019 بموجب تفويض شعبي مستقل.

تطالب موريشيوس بجزيرة ترومولان الفرنسية وبأرخبيل شاغوس البريطاني (إقليم المحيط الهندي البريطاني). ومنذ عام 2017، حصلت موريشيوس على قرارات مواتية من الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة، وعلى رأي استشاري من محكمة العدل الدولية، يتعلقان بنزاعها على السيادة مع المملكة المتحدة.

Before you travel 

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance 

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency. 

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice. 

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Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.    

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Mauritius

Although there’s no recent history of terrorism in Mauritius, attacks cannot be ruled out.

Crime 

Most crime is non-violent such as burglaries from tourist villas or theft of unattended bags. Petty crime is common, particularly in tourist areas such as Port Louis, Grand Baie and Flic en Flac. There have been some reports of sexual assaults on tourists.    

Community unrest

Localised demonstrations and community unrest occurred in parts of Mauritius after a police shooting incident on 9 October 2026. This resulted in road closures, transport disruption and interruptions to public services.

The Government of Mauritius introduced temporary curfews during the evenings and overnight, covering most areas of the main island, which lasted from 12 October to 18 October, ending at 4.30am on Monday 19 October.  

Stay away from demonstrations and large public gatherings and follow the advice of local authorities.

You can contact our consular teams via telephone or email.

Protecting yourself and your belongings

You can take steps to reduce your personal risk by:

• making sure your hotel room or accommodation is secure
• keeping important documents such as your passport in a hotel safe
• not walking alone at night on beaches or in poorly lit areas of town, particularly in the backstreets of the business district of Port Louis
• only renting accommodation that is registered with the Mauritius Tourism Authority
• not doing business with street or beach vendors

Report any incidents to the Mauritius tourist police by calling 999.

Laws and cultural differences

Personal ID

Police may occasionally ask to see your ID, such as your passport or driving licence.

Cigarette paper

It’s illegal to possess or import cigarette papers.

Illegal drugs

Illegal drugs, including cannabis, carry severe penalties. Pack all luggage yourself and do not carry anything through customs for anyone else.

You should expect a long jail sentence and heavy fines for possessing, using or smuggling illegal drugs, including when transiting through the airport.

Airports in Mauritius have excellent technology and security for detecting illegal items. This is also used to scan the baggage of transiting passengers. 

If you are found with any drugs, it’s unlikely you’ll be bailed, regardless of the type of drug. Prosecutions take a year or more to come to court, and you’ll be detained until your trial.

Police investigations

If you’re under police investigation, you’ll be provisionally charged and not allowed to leave the country without consent from a judge. It can take up to 2 years for the authorities to decide whether to issue a formal charge. You’re not allowed to renew your occupation or resident’s permit if you’re provisionally charged with a crime. If you cannot support yourself financially you’ll be kept in prison while the police finish their investigation.

LGBT+ travellers

Same-sex sexual activity was decriminalised in October 2023. Mauritius is a relatively conservative society and local attitudes to the LGBT+ community vary across the country. LGBT+ people still face discrimination, and verbal and physical confrontation cannot be ruled out. 

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

Water sports

If you’re taking part in any kind of water sports, make sure the:

• operator holds a valid permit issued by the Ministry of Tourism
• boat has enough life jackets on board
• captain can contact the coastguard if needed

Transport risks

Road travel

If you are planning to drive in Mauritius, see information on driving abroad.

As in the UK, left-hand traffic is standard across Mauritius.

You can use a UK photocard driving licence to drive in Mauritius. Carry your licence with you when driving. If you still have a paper driving licence, you may need to update it to a photocard licence. 

Hire car companies often have stricter requirements for their customers, such as a year of driving experience, a higher minimum age and holding an IDP.

Drivers are expected to carry in their vehicles yellow chalk, or other appropriate yellow indelible marker. This should be used to mark the position and registration number of their vehicle on the surface of a road in the event of an accident or breakdown, before moving their vehicle off the road where possible.

Drink-driving is a serious offence in Mauritius. Penalties for driving under the influence of alcohol, even at very low levels (a quarter of England’s legal limit of alcohol in your system), can include fines or imprisonment. 

Driving conditions 

Accidents are common in Mauritius. Motorbikes are slow and often do not use headlights at night.

Some roads are narrow and do not have pavements. Pedestrians and cyclists often use main roads, including motorways, during the day and at night.

Sea travel

There is still a significant risk of piracy in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, where piracy has been reduced but not prevented. Pirates can attack up to 1,000 nautical miles from the Somali coast or more.

If you’re travelling by sea, read about the regional risks at sea.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards.

Tropical cyclones

The tropical cyclone season in Mauritius usually runs from November to May.

If a tropical cyclone happens, follow the advice of the Mauritian government information service. Mauritius Meteorological Services has a well-structured system of phased warnings.

Cyclones can cause extensive damage to property. During a cyclone you’re not allowed to leave your accommodation, and car insurance policies often become invalid.

Landslides

Some areas are prone to landslides, especially during cyclones and torrential rains. Mauritius Meteorological Services has 5-stage landslide warnings. Local authorities may organise evacuations of threatened areas.

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Call 999 or 114 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance company quickly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before you travel:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Mauritius
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you’ll face on Mauritius, including:

• dengue
• Schistosomiasis
• Chikungunya

Stonefish stings are rare but can be fatal. Get urgent medical attention if you are stung. Many hotels stock anti-venom serum.

Medication

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

You can bring common medicines for your own use but you must carry a copy of the prescription. Tranquillisers, hypnotics, narcotics and other strong painkillers will require prior authorisation. You can check details with the Mauritius Ministry of Health and Wellness. If in any doubt, get advice from the Mauritius High Commission in the UK .

Healthcare in Mauritius

Good private healthcare is available but can be expensive. More complex cases may require evacuation to Réunion or South Africa. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad and repatriation.

Private and state ambulance services are available, but the quality and response speed can vary. If you can, go directly to the hospital.

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Mauritius where most staff will speak English.  

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.