Briefing de orientação Kuwait

Kuwait has been ruled by the AL-SABAH dynasty since the 18th century. The threat of Ottoman invasion in 1899 prompted Amir Mubarak AL-SABAH to seek protection from Britain, ceding foreign and defense responsibility to Britain until 1961, when the country attained its independence. Iraq attacked and overran Kuwait in 1990. After several weeks of aerial bombardment, a US-led UN coalition began a ground assault in 1991 that liberated Kuwait in four days. In 1992, the Amir reconstituted the parliament that he had dissolved in 1986. Amid the 2010-11 uprisings and protests across the Arab world, stateless Arabs known as Bidoon staged small protests demanding citizenship, jobs, and other benefits available to Kuwaiti nationals. Other demographic groups, notably Islamists and Kuwaitis from tribal backgrounds, soon joined the growing protest movements, which culminated with the resignation of the prime minister amid allegations of corruption. Demonstrations renewed in 2012 in response to a decree amending the electoral law that lessened the voting power of the tribal blocs.

An opposition coalition of Sunni Islamists, tribal populists, and some liberals largely boycotted legislative elections in 2012 and 2013, which ushered in a legislature more amenable to the government's agenda. Faced with the prospect of painful subsidy cuts, oppositionists and independents actively participated in the 2016 election, winning nearly half the seats, but the opposition became increasingly factionalized. Between 2006 and his death in 2020, the Amir dissolved the National Assembly on seven occasions and shuffled the cabinet over a dozen times, usually citing political stagnation and gridlock between the legislature and the government. 

The current Amir, who assumed his role in 2020, launched a "National Dialogue" in 2021 meant to resolve political gridlock. As part of this initiative, the Amir pardoned several opposition figures who had been living in exile, and they returned to Kuwait. Legislative challenges remain, and the cabinet has been reshuffled six times since 2020. 

Recent developments in the Middle East have heightened tensions in the region. Planned and pre-approved peaceful protests are legal, however these are for Kuwaiti citizens only.  

There have also been minor, isolated cases of vandalism aimed at some international companies, or calls for them to be boycotted.  

Be mindful of local sensitivities on these issues, stay away from demonstrations or developing crowds and follow the advice of the local authorities.

Regional tensions

The context in the Middle East remains deeply unpredictable and the risk of sudden escalation is high. Since conflict began in early 2026, Iran has stated its intention to target locations associated with the US and Israel, including, but not limited to, organisations, businesses, facilities, and institutions. There have been strikes and retaliatory attacks by Iran and others across the region against civilian and US military infrastructure.  

British nationals in, or planning to travel through, the Middle East should be prepared for possible flight cancellations, airspace closures, and travel disruptions. You should:

• read If you’re affected by a crisis abroad - GOV.UK. This includes guidance on “how to prepare for a crisis” with suggestions on what you might include in your emergency supplies and “what to do in a crisis”
• sign up to FCDO Travel Advice email alerts
• follow advice from the local authorities
• monitor local and international media for the latest information, including updates relating to airports and airspace which could close at short notice
• stay away from areas around security or military facilities
• keep your departure plans under review, and ensure your travel documents are up to date
• if advised to take shelter, stay indoors or find the nearest safe building or designated shelter. An interior stairwell or a room with as few external walls or windows as possible may provide additional protection. The greatest risk is from falling debris caused by intercepts, and you are safest inside a secure structure. Do not approach or touch any drone or missile fragments or unusual objects

Travelling to or transiting through Kuwait

Kuwait International Airport is currently operating through Terminals 4 and 5, serving Kuwait Airways, Jazeera Airways and foreign carriers, while Terminal 1 remains closed. Flight schedules remain reduced. Check details with your airline before travelling and follow local guidance.

Before you travel 

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance 

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency. 

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice. 

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Terrorism  

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.      

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad. 

Terrorism in Kuwait 

In the context of regional escalation, Iran-aligned militia groups have threatened to target US interests across the region and have claimed attacks in Jordan and Iraq. US bases in Kuwait have also been hit by missile and drone fire. These groups are likely to continue to carry out these attacks in Kuwait.

As was the case before the recent regional escalation, terrorist attacks in Kuwait cannot be ruled out. Terrorists have threatened to carry out attacks in the Gulf region, including on:

• residential compounds 
• restaurants and hotels 
• beaches 
• shopping centres 
• mosques 
• military, oil, transport and aviation interests 

Stay aware of your surroundings, keep up to date with local media reports and follow the advice of local authorities. 

Political situation  

Recent developments in the Middle East have heightened tensions in the region. Planned and pre-approved peaceful protests are legal, however these are for Kuwaiti citizens only.  

There have also been minor, isolated cases of vandalism aimed at some international companies, or calls for them to be boycotted.  

Be mindful of local sensitivities on these issues, stay away from demonstrations or developing crowds and follow the advice of the local authorities.

Crime 

Violent crime against foreigners is rare. However, take care if you plan to travel to Jahra or Jleeb Al Shuyoukh, where there have been incidents of robberies, petty theft and road rage. 

Border crossings  

It is illegal and dangerous to go near Kuwait’s borders without authorisation. Armed guards regularly patrol these areas.  

Kuwait-Saudi Arabia border 

It is easy to miss the border posts between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. You must only use an authorised land border crossing and make sure to get an exit or entry stamp before you continue your journey. 

Kuwait-Iraq border 

If you plan to cross the border from Kuwait into Iraq, make sure you have the correct paperwork. See the Iraqi Embassy to Kuwait website for more information. 

Landmines and unexploded weapons 

There are landmines and other unexploded weapons in Kuwait.  

You should: 

• avoid off-road driving 
• stay on clearly marked identifiable tracks if you travel off-road 
• take great care even if an area has been officially cleared 
• not pick up metal, plastic or other objects 

Laws and cultural differences  

Kuwait is a Muslim country. Always respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions. Make sure your actions do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs, especially during the holy month of Ramadan or if you visit religious areas.  

Personal ID 

As a visiting foreign national, you must always carry your passport. If you are resident in Kuwait, you must always carry your Kuwaiti civil identification card.  

Keep copies of your passport photo page and your visa or entry stamp in a separate place. 

Ramadan  

Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims. The dates vary by year and country. During this time, do not:  

• eat, drink, smoke or chew gum in public in the daytime, including in your car  
• play loud music or dance  
• swear in public  

Get more advice when you arrive from your tour guide, hotel or business contacts.  

You should also:  

• check opening hours of shops and restaurants  
• be aware that if hotels and restaurants are providing food or drink in fasting hours, they may separate you from Islamic guests, for example with screens  
• follow local dress codes – clothing that does not meet local dress codes may cause more offence at this time  
• be aware that driving may be erratic, particularly when people are trying to get home at dusk  
• be patient and show tolerance 

Dress code 

Dress and behave modestly in public, particularly in downtown or conservative areas. Women should avoid wearing shorts or tight-fitting or revealing clothing.

Do not expose body piercings or tattoos that may be perceived as extreme or offensive – for example, you could be accused of violating religious sanctity for a tattoo of verse from the holy Quran in Arabic.

Relationships outside of marriage 

It is illegal for an unmarried couple to live together in the same house or stay in the same hotel room. You will  be asked to provide a marriage certificate if sharing a hotel room.  

Public behaviour  

It’s illegal to insult or humiliate any person verbally or through obscene gestures in a public place, including a police officer, public official or private individual. Police may arrest you and conviction may lead to prosecution, imprisonment, or immediate deportation. 

It is frowned on for men and women to show affection in public. 

Alcohol laws 

Alcohol is illegal. Buying, selling or carrying it, as well as public intoxication, can lead to fines, imprisonment and deportation. Consuming illegally produced alcohol poses severe health risks, including methanol poisoning, which can cause blindness, organ failure or death.

Illegal drugs penalties  

Kuwait has zero tolerance for drug-related offences. Penalties for drug smuggling or trafficking include the death sentence. Offences involving minors or committed in schools, hospitals, prisons or other protected locations can result in life imprisonment or the death penalty. 

Possession or use of illegal drugs, including for small or residual amounts, can lead to a prison sentence of between 5 and 10 years, and heavy fines. Bail is not usually given and even if found not guilty, defendants can expect to spend several months in detention while the case progresses through the judicial system.

Wearing, using, or displaying items that promote or encourage narcotics, including logos on clothing, constitutes an offence and may result in significant fines.

Using cameras in secure areas 

It is illegal to photograph or take videos of: 

• government buildings  
• military buildings 
• industrial buildings or oil-related infrastructure  
• other restricted areas such as borders and oil fields 
• record people without their knowledge or consent 

Unpaid fines and bills  

All foreign nationals must pay traffic fines, phone bills and utility bills before they leave Kuwait. The Kuwaiti authorities may:  

• stop you from leaving the country 
• arrest you, or send you to prison 
• fine you 
• deport you, and not allow you to return to Kuwait 
• refuse renewal of your residency card or re-entry visa  

Financial crimes 

Bouncing cheques is illegal and the law does not provide for offenders to be released from custody on bail.  

Commercial disputes 

If you’re involved in a commercial dispute with a Kuwaiti company or individual, the Kuwaiti authorities may prevent you from leaving the country until it is resolved.  

LGBT+ travellers 

Same-sex activity is illegal. 

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers. 

Transport risks  

Road travel  

If you are planning to drive in Kuwait, see information on driving abroad.  

If you have a visit visa, you can drive in Kuwait using a UK photocard driving licence. If you still have a paper driving licence, you may need to update it to a photocard licence or get the correct version of the international driving permit (IDP) as well.  

There is also guidance on driving if you live in Kuwait. 

Driving offences 

Kuwait has introduced stricter traffic laws, with significantly increased fines and penalties. Offences such as speeding, using a mobile phone while driving, and running red lights can result in heavy fines, imprisonment or deportation.

Car insurance 

You must get third-party insurance in Kuwait before you drive.  

If you hire a car, you can usually get insurance through the hire company. If you drive a relative or friend’s car, you’re responsible for getting insurance. You must always keep the insurance document with you while driving. 

Car accidents  

If you have a major accident, where there are serious injuries or a vehicle is not drivable:  

• stay with your vehicle if it is safe to do so 
• call the police on 112 
• do not move the vehicle before the police arrive 

If you have a minor accident, where there are no serious injuries: 

• take pictures of vehicle damage if it is safe to do so 
• record licence plate numbers of vehicles involved 
• move your vehicle to avoid blocking traffic if it is drivable - you can get a fine if you do not do this 
• call the police on 112 and follow their instructions 

Drink-driving   

Drink-driving is a serious offence in Kuwait. If you are tested and found to have any alcohol in your system, you may get a fine, imprisonment, or deportation and the withdrawal of your driving licence. 

Driving conditions 

Driving conditions are hazardous. Many drivers pay little attention to other road users and may:  

• drive faster than speed limits 
• switch lanes without warning 
• ignore traffic lights 
• use mobile phones while driving 

Sea travel 

Many areas of the Gulf are highly sensitive, including near:  

• maritime boundaries 
• Bubiyan and Warbah, northern Gulf islands 
• Abu Musa and the Tunbs, southern Gulf islands 

The area of the northern Gulf between Iran, Iraq and Kuwait has not been demarcated, and vessels entering this area have been detained and inspected. There have been occasional arrests. Make careful enquiries before entering these waters or visiting ports. 

Take extra care when sailing in Kuwaiti waters – regional tensions may affect your planned route. There may be an increased risk of attack on vessels in the Gulf of Oman, North Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden and Bab El Mandeb regions. 

Take care when travelling by dhow, as the safety of these sailing vessels may not be up to UK standards. Make sure life jackets are available. 

Before you travel check that: 

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need 

• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation  

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant. 

Emergency medical number 

Call 112 and ask for an ambulance. 

Contact your insurance company quickly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment. 

Vaccine recommendations and health risks 

At least 8 weeks before your trip:  

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Kuwait 
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page  

Air quality

Poor outdoor air quality is a risk in Kuwait. Read about the risks from poor air quality on TravelHealthPro.

You can find further information and advice on air quality on the World Health Organization (WHO) website and check air quality levels on the World Air Quality Index Website.

Medication 

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries. 

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro. 

Under new rules in Kuwait, all visitors must obtain permission from the Kuwaiti authorities to carry certain prescription drugs before arrival. This requirement applies to many commonly prescribed medications.

Healthcare in Kuwait 

There is a state medical service with local clinics and several good hospitals. There are also private medical and dental facilities.  

Private medical fees are high. The Kuwaiti government controls fees and has increased them for foreign residents and visitors. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment and repatriation.  

If you work in Kuwait, check whether your employer provides appropriate private medical insurance which includes repatriation. If not, you’re strongly advised to take out personal medical insurance for yourself and any dependants. 

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Kuwait where some staff will speak English. 

There is also guidance on healthcare if you’re living in Kuwait.  

Travel and mental health 

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro.