Orientation briefing in Morocco

In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite Dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half-century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king.

Since Spain's 1976 withdrawal from Western Sahara, Morocco has extended its de facto administrative control to roughly 75% of this territory; however, the UN does not recognize Morocco as the administering power for Western Sahara. The UN since 1991 has monitored a cease-fire, which broke down in late 2020, between Morocco and the Polisario Front -- an organization advocating the territory’s independence -- and restarted negotiations over the status of the territory in 2018. In 2020, the US recognized Morocco's sovereignty over all of Western Sahara.

In 2011, King MOHAMMED VI responded to the spread of pro-democracy protests in the North Africa region by implementing a reform program that included a new constitution, passed by popular referendum, under which some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister, but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. Later that year, the Justice and Development Party (PJD) -- a moderate Islamist democratic party -- won the largest number of seats in parliamentary elections, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In 2015, Morocco held its first direct elections for regional councils, which was one of the reforms included in the 2011 constitution. The PJD again won the largest number of seats in nationwide parliamentary elections in 2016, but it lost its plurality to the probusiness National Rally of Independents (RNI) in 2021. In 2020, Morocco signed a normalization agreement with Israel, similar to those that Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Sudan had concluded with Israel earlier that year.

Protests and demonstrations could occur across the country, particularly in large cities, often without warning. These events are typically monitored closely by law enforcement. While authorised protests are generally peaceful, unauthorised ones have sometimes led to clashes between protesters and police. Such gatherings can cause travel disruption in the affected areas. Avoid political gatherings and demonstrations and follow local news and directions from security officials.

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

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Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Morocco

Terrorists are likely to try to carry out attacks in Morocco.

Terrorism attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places visited by foreign nationals, such as:   

• transport hubs
• locations popular with tourists and foreigners
• government buildings
• crowded places
• businesses with western interests

Stay aware of your surroundings, keep up to date with local media reports and follow advice of local authorities.

There is an increased threat linked to the number of Moroccans sympathetic or belonging to Daesh (formerly ISIL) and other extremist groups. Authorities regularly disrupt terrorist cells.

In some places, including hotels and tourists sites, there may be protective security measures, including security guards.

Political situation

Protests and demonstrations could occur across the country, particularly in large cities, often without warning. These events are typically monitored closely by law enforcement. While authorised protests are generally peaceful, unauthorised ones have sometimes led to clashes between protesters and police. Such gatherings can cause travel disruption in the affected areas. Avoid political gatherings and demonstrations and follow local news and directions from security officials.

Crime

Protecting yourself and your belongings

There can be occasional violent crime in Morocco. Criminals have used knives against tourists in street attacks, thefts and burglaries in major cities and along beaches. To reduce your risk:

• avoid quiet areas, particularly after dark
• do not carry large amounts of money or valuables

Petty crime is common in tourist areas, especially in historical districts (medina quarters) and on beaches. Crimes include:

• pickpocketing
• bag-snatching
• drive-by motorcycle theft of visible jewellery and handbags

Be cautious when asking for directions and using ATMs – aggressive begging is common.

Scams

Credit card fraud and scams are common. Beware of scammers substituting inferior goods for the ones you bought. Remain alert to potential confidence tricks.

Bogus tourist guides

It is common for people posing as official tourist guides to harass tourists.

If you use a guide in a historical district (medina quarter), make sure they have an official badge and permission from the local authority.

Marriage fraud

Be cautious if you travel to Morocco for a relationship or to find someone you met on the internet. Incidents of marriage fraud and attempted extortion have affected British nationals. Make sure you keep your return ticket, passport and personal belongings safe.

Methanol poisoning 

There have been deaths and cases of serious illness caused by alcoholic drinks containing methanol in Morocco. 

Even small amounts of methanol can kill. It is not possible to identify methanol in alcoholic drinks by taste or smell. See Travel Aware Drink Spiking and methanol poisoning for information about how to reduce the risks. 

Seek urgent medical attention if you or someone you are travelling with show the signs of methanol poisoning after drinking.

Laws and cultural differences

Morocco’s laws and customs are very different to those in the UK and reflect the fact that Morocco is an Islamic country. Always respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions. Make sure your actions do not offend, especially during the holy month of Ramadan or if you plan to visit religious areas.

Ramadan

Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims. The dates vary by year and country, next starting in February 2027. During this time, eating or drinking, swearing, smoking or chewing gum in public in the daytime may cause offence.

Get more advice when you arrive from your tour guide, hotel or business contacts, where applicable. You should also: 

• check opening hours of shops and restaurants
• be aware that hotels and restaurants serving food or drink in fasting hours may separate you from Muslim guests, for example with screens
• follow local dress codes – clothing that does not meet local dress codes may cause more offence at this time
• be aware that fasting can cause tiredness, particularly during the later afternoon and early evening

• be patient and show tolerance

• be aware that driving may be erratic, particularly when people are trying to get home at dusk.

Laws against religious conversion

It is illegal to attempt to convert a Muslim to another faith and to distribute evangelical literature (such as Arabic-language bibles). Attempting to convert a Muslim to another faith can result in fines or up to 3 years’ imprisonment.

Public criticism of Islam, including in speeches, print or online media, can result in heavy fines and up 2 years’ imprisonment.

Sexual relations outside of marriage

Sexual activity between unmarried people and adultery are illegal for Moroccan nationals – this includes sharing a hotel room, particularly with foreign nationals.

The law regarding unmarried people sharing a hotel room does not generally apply to visiting foreign nationals, particularly in popular tourist areas.

Avoid showing affection in public, particularly near religious sites as well as in tourist areas.

Using dating applications in Morocco may break laws relating to sexual relations outside of marriage. Be aware of the legal and personal safety risks when using these applications.

LGBT+ travellers

Same-sex sexual relations are illegal in Morocco. Showing affection in public can lead to prosecution. Meeting people through online applications, can carry legal, personal safety and privacy risks.

See more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Alcohol laws

Alcohol is available in licensed venues. However, drinking alcohol in the street and anywhere other than a licensed restaurant or bar is illegal and can lead to arrest. Travellers should respect local laws and customs at all times.

Illegal drugs

Morocco has a zero-tolerance approach towards drugs. Possessing, using or trafficking illegal drugs, including cannabis, are serious offences and carry severe penalties.

You should expect a long jail sentence and heavy fines for these actions, including when transiting through the country. Airports in Morocco are equipped with technology and security for detecting items prohibited by customs controls, including for the baggage or transiting passengers. Do not accept items from strangers or leave your bags attended.

Women travellers

Women may receive unwanted attention in Morocco, especially when travelling alone. Consider wearing loose-fitting clothing which cover the arms, legs and chest. See advice for woman travellers abroad.

Photography and Filming

It is illegal to take photographs near sensitive political or military sites. Always ask permission before taking pictures of people, especially children.

Pornography

It is illegal to possess pornographic material. This includes printed and digital material, and any type of material contrary to Moroccan laws related to morality and public order.

Flying drones

If you plan to bring a drone to Morocco, you must get permission from the Directorate General for Civil Aviation (in French) to fly a drone. If you do not, you risk fines and confiscation of your equipment.

Transport risks

Road travel

If you are planning to drive in Morocco, see information on driving abroad.

You’ll need to have both the 1968 version of the international driving permit (IDP) and your UK driving licence with you in the car. You cannot buy an IDP outside the UK, so get one before you travel. Morocco no longer accepts the 1949 version of the IDP.

If you stay longer than one year, you need a Moroccan driving licence.

You must get a green card from your insurer and carry it with you to prove you have the minimum insurance cover in Morocco.

Hire car companies often have strict requirements for their customers, such as a year of driving experience and a higher minimum age.

Drink-driving is a serious offence in Morocco. If you are tested and found to have any alcohol in your system, you will get a fine and possible imprisonment.

Driving conditions

Be more alert to other vehicles, pedestrians and animals as poor lighting can make it dangerous to drive at night. When weather conditions are poor, secondary routes and mountain roads can be especially hazardous. On motorways, be cautious of overloaded lorries and trucks overtaking when there is no hard shoulder.

Road accidents

Road accidents are a frequent occurrence in Morocco. If you’re involved in a road accident, complete a form (‘constat amiable’), to be signed by both parties. Blank forms are available from insurance company booths in Tangier Port and tobacconists in all cities.

If you are involved in a fatal road accident, and the Moroccan authorities think you’re responsible, they may detain you before a trial hearing.

Vehicle documentation

The authorities will record your registration number when you drive into Morocco. If you’re not in the same vehicle when you try to leave the country, they will detain you and refuse to let you exit.

You’ll need to show evidence of motor insurance when entering and exiting the country. Always carry your insurance, licence and registration documents with you when driving.

Taxis

Many taxis booked through ride sharing applications may be unregulated and unlicensed. Travellers should therefore exercise caution and remain vigilant if using these applications. Drivers may not be registered with the authorities, and their vehicles may not be insured to carry passengers. The police may tell you to get out of an unlicensed taxi if they stop it. It is advisable to either agree a fare in advance or check the taxi is using a meter.

Drivers of ‘petits’ or ‘grands taxis’ sometimes speed and do not follow other driving rules, particularly in big cities. Exercise caution when using petit taxis, especially during late night journeys. Be aware that petit taxi drivers will often pick up other customers during the journey. Should you feel uncomfortable at any point, end the journey as soon as it is safe to do so and move to a well-lit area.    

Electronic scooters and bikes

When riding an electronic scooter or bike, wear a helmet and do not use headphones or earphones while riding. Be aware there are often no cycle lanes on roads.

Follow local laws and regulations and ensure you are aware of any requirements before using an electric scooter.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

Providers of recreational and adventure tourism may not meet UK safety standards. Check safety standards with the tour operators or providers and make sure you are insured if you take part in activities such as water sports, boat tours or quad biking. Be aware that some insurance policies will not cover these activities. Book excursions for activities and water sports through reputable agents or at your hotel or resort.

Hiking in the Atlas Mountains

If you’re planning to hike in the Atlas Mountains:

• research trails and understand how much experience you’ll need
• pack essentials such as water, sunscreen and appropriate clothing
• hire a professional guide
• get comprehensive travel insurance and make sure it covers your planned activities

Quad biking

Quad bike accidents involving British nationals frequently occur in resort areas. Take the same precautions as you would in the UK. Safety standards vary considerably. Always wear a crash helmet.

Hot air balloons

Book hot air balloon trips only through licensed tour operators. Unlicensed providers may not meet required safety standards.

Beaches

Many beaches in Morocco have limited or no lifeguard cover, and safety signage may be minimal. Strong currents and unexpected waves can occur. Take care when entering the water and avoid swimming in isolated areas. See water safety guidance if swimming.

Swimming in open water, including dams and rivers, can be dangerous. Deep mud and steep underwater slopes can trap people and lead to drowning.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards. 

Earthquakes

Earthquakes are a risk in Morocco. The last major earthquake, in 2023, killed almost 3,000 people. There are occasional minor earthquakes. Familiarise yourself with earthquake safety procedures and any instructions in hotel rooms.

In the event of an earthquake, stay away from walls, windows, trees, signs. It is safer to stand in open spaces or shelter under heavy furniture or in a door threshold. The US Federal Emergency Management Agency website has advice about what to do before, during and after an earthquake.

Flooding

Heavy rain can cause flash flooding in some areas, particularly in the mountains or near rivers during winter months. Walking and driving can be dangerous in flooded areas. If you’re near a flood, monitor local media and follow instructions from local authorities.

Wildfires

There is a risk of wildfires during the summer season. Wildfires are highly dangerous and unpredictable. The situation can change quickly. Always follow the advice and instructions of the local authorities. Make sure cigarettes are properly extinguished, do not light barbecues and do not leave empty glass bottles behind.

This section has safety advice for regions of Morocco. It only covers regions where the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) has specific advice.

You should also read FCDO’s overall travel advice and safety and security advice.

Western Sahara

Western Sahara is a disputed territory. If you’re in Western Sahara and need emergency help from the UK government, contact the British Embassy in Rabat, Morocco, who provide consular assistance for Western Sahara. See Western Sahara travel advice.

Morocco-Algeria border

The authorities have closed land and sea borders between Morocco and Algeria. They patrol and closely monitor them. Do not attempt to cross the border – it is illegal to cross without authorisation.

If you are in a boat or jet ski, make sure you:

• know where the border is
• stay within Moroccan waters
• have enough fuel to return to shore

People entering Algerian waters illegally are likely to be intercepted and investigated.

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Dial 150 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance or medical assistance company quickly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccine recommendations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Morocco
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you’ll face in Morocco.

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Morocco. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro.

Henna tattoos

Henna tattoos can cause a painful allergic reaction including swelling and an itchy rash in some people.

Rabies

Rabies and other animal-borne diseases are present in Morocco. Stray animals are common in many towns and cities. Packs of dogs often gather in parks, on wasteland, and in quieter areas, and can behave aggressively. Do not approach or feed stray animals. If you are bitten or scratched, seek medical advice immediately.

Medication

If you have prescription medication issued in the UK, ensure you bring an adequate supply for the duration of your trip and plan carefully to avoid running out. On some occasions, travellers have struggled to source medication.

If you require medication in Morocco, contact the nearest pharmacy. If they do not have your medication, they will ask you to get another prescription from a Moroccan doctor for an alternative medication. Pharmacies are open 24 hours in every city and district.

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro.

Food hygiene and allergies

Travellers to Morocco should follow good food and water hygiene to reduce the risk of stomach bugs. Travellers who fall ill are advised to seek medical help if symptoms, such as vomiting and diarrhoea, do not improve after a few days.

Travellers with allergies should take extra care when dining in Morocco. Allergen information is not consistently provided, and cross-contamination risks may be higher than in the UK. Make your allergies clear and avoid foods you are unsure about.

Healthcare in Morocco    

Public health facilities in Morocco provide limited medical care. Private clinics are available and operate to a higher standard. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad and repatriation.

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Morocco where some staff will speak English.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also guidance on TravelHealthPro.