Site management: service gaps, governance and division of roles

Total population: 9,630 + 1,710 = 11,340.

Gaps after arrivals: latrines: 11,340 / 50 = 227 needed, i.e. 59 more; repairing the 62 latrines out of service (230 − 168) is enough to meet the acute-phase standard; the 1 per 20 standard will eventually require 567 latrines. Water: requirement of 11,340 × 15 = 170,100 l, i.e. a deficit of 54,540 l per day. Taps: 8 more. Area: the site holds 2.4 times its capacity.

Priorities: (1) water and latrine repairs (cholera risk), (2) registration of arrivals for access to services, (3) lighting (26 street lights broken, risks of violence), (4) search for an extension or decongestion site, linked to the eviction threat.

Reminder of roles: the camp administration (national authorities) carries out sovereign functions: land, security, official registration, documentation. The cluster lead agency (at global level, UNHCR for conflict-induced displacement and IOM for natural disasters) coordinates the response across sites, sets standards, advocates and acts as provider of last resort. The camp management agency coordinates services on the site, monitors gaps, organises participation and complaints.

Eviction: responsibility of the administration; I document, alert the cluster immediately, take part in the search for land and make sure households are informed. Registration: the administration and the mandated agency; I facilitate, provide profiling data and advocate for registration. Water: NGO 1 provides the service; I share the gap analysis, raise it in the coordination meeting and refer it to the water, sanitation and hygiene cluster if nothing changes. Distributions: I keep a common calendar of site activities and require every partner to respect it.

3 complaints of demands for sexual favours: alleged sexual exploitation linked to assistance. Immediate and confidential referral to the PSEA network and the organisation's focal point; referral of the people concerned to GBV services if they wish; no investigation by the site manager; precautionary measure: the member concerned no longer has any role in the lists.

47 "contribution" complaints: fraud and exclusion. Inform management and the distribution agencies; registration of new arrivals taken away from the committee and given to a neutral registration team; public message: registration is free; cross-checking of lists.

Governance: elections by block, with at least 50% women and seats for young people, persons with disabilities and each community group; terms of reference and code of conduct signed; limited term of office; training; several complaint channels independent of the committee (boxes, help desks, phone line); monthly public feedback on complaints handled.

Example: "Subject: alert, Djugu site. In two weeks, 380 households (1,710 people) have arrived; the population has reached 11,340 people for a Sphere capacity of 4,666 (18.5 m² per person). Available water has fallen to 10.2 litres per person per day (deficit of 54,540 litres) and there are 67 people per functional latrine; 62 latrines are out of service. The landowner demands that the site be vacated within 60 days and the administration is asking for registration to stop. We have referred allegations of sexual exploitation to the PSEA network. We request: (1) cluster support with the authorities for registration and for land for extension or relocation; (2) mobilisation of the water, sanitation and hygiene cluster (water trucking, repairs); (3) support for lighting. We remain available for a joint visit this week."

I respectfully point out that the administration exercises authority over the site, but that displaced people have the right to assistance and protection without discrimination; not registering them deprives them of services, creates an invisible population and increases the risks of violence and epidemics, without preventing arrivals. I propose solutions that address the authorities' concern: profiling of reasons for arrival, search for an extension site, information on possible reception areas. Meanwhile, I continue to record the needs of arrivals for life-saving services (water, health, shelter). I immediately inform my management and the cluster, whose lead agency carries out high-level advocacy. I document the exchange in writing.